What is the primary use of activated charcoal in poisoning cases?

• A. Absorbs toxic substances from the GI tract
• B. Neutralizes toxins in the bloodstream
• C. Increases absorption of water
• D. Inhibits digestion

Answer: (A)

Activated charcoal works by adsorption: its large surface area binds ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents their absorption into the bloodstream. This makes it most effective when given soon after ingestion, ideally within an hour, for many oral poisons. It does not neutralize toxins that are already in the bloodstream, nor does it increase water absorption or inhibit digestion. It also isn’t useful for substances poorly adsorbed by charcoal or for certain risky ingestions—caustics, hydrocarbons with high aspiration risk, alcohols, or metals like iron and lithium. Use carries risks such as aspiration and vomiting, and it may interfere with some tests or medications. A typical approach is a weight-based dose (about 1 g/kg, usually up to 50 g in adults) administered with water, when appropriate and not contraindicated.